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Prostate Cancer: Understanding a Common Men’s Health Issue

Prostate cancer is one of the most common types of cancer found in men, especially those over the age of 50. The prostate is a small gland that sits below the bladder and helps produce fluid for semen.

Prostate cancer happens when cells in the prostate grow out of control. No one knows exactly what causes it, but risk factors include age and family history. It usually grows slowly and may not cause symptoms in the early stages.

Common symptoms include:

• Difficulty urinating or a weak urine stream
• Frequent need to urinate, especially at night
• Blood in the urine or semen
• Pain in the back, hips, or pelvis
• Erectile dysfunction

Many men with early prostate cancer don’t feel sick at all. That’s why regular check-ups and prostate screening (such as PSA blood tests and digital rectal exams) are important after age 50—or earlier if you have risk factors.

Treatment depends on the stage of cancer and includes:

• Active surveillance (watching and waiting)
• Surgery to remove the prostate
• Radiation therapy
• Hormone treatment or chemotherapy in more advanced cases

Prostate cancer can often be treated successfully if caught early. If you’re concerned, talk to your doctor about getting checked.