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Bladder Cancer: Know the Signs Early

Bladder cancer happens when abnormal cells in the bladder lining grow out of control. The bladder is the organ that stores urine, and most bladder cancers begin in its inner layer. This condition is more common in men and people over 55.

One of the biggest risk factors is smoking, because harmful chemicals from cigarettes pass through the kidneys and get stored in the bladder. Other risk factors include long-term exposure to industrial chemicals, chronic bladder infections, or a family history of cancer.

Common symptoms include:

• Blood in the urine (it may look pink, orange, or dark red)
• Frequent urination or urgency
• Pain during urination
• Pelvic or lower back pain (in advanced cases)

Not all blood in urine means cancer — but it should never be ignored. A doctor may perform urine tests, scans, or a procedure called a cystoscopy, where a small camera is inserted into the bladder to look for problems.

Treatment options depend on how deep the cancer has grown. They may include:

• Surgery to remove the tumor
• Chemotherapy (often placed directly in the bladder)
• Immunotherapy
• Removal of the bladder in advanced cases

Early diagnosis makes a big difference. If you see blood in your urine, talk to your doctor right away.